Paul James Bergstrom

     First ISO stands for International Standards Organization: it is the numbering system that now is used to indicate Film/Sensor Speed or how fast you can gather light: the higher the ISO the faster you can attract light the lower the slower you attract light. I cannot tell you how to pick the ISO for every time you go to shot but what I can do is give you a quick guide: ISOs range from ...25-6500... the higher the ISO the grainier the shot, the Lower the ISO the clearer the shot. Let me give you some examples.

1. Lets say you are outside in the middle of a sunny day and you are shooting landscapes and a football game. What type of ISO would you use for the Landscapes and for the Game? For the Landscapes you should use a very low ISO (50-200) because it is not moving and it is sunny outside so their is a lot of natural light. For the Football game you would still want to use a lower ISO (200-400) but not as low as the Landscapes mainly because you are shooting a moving object and you may need to higher your Shutter Speed to eliminate the Blur.
2. Lets say you are in an inside gym and you are at a basketball game (keep in mind that you only have man-made light (Florescent or Tungsten...Light) and that may be limited. What ISO would you use? You would use a Higher ISO (400-1600) because of the low light and the fact that you need a fast shutter speed because you are shooting movement. 
   

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     First of all Red Eye is the cause of a direct flash that bounces off the back of your eyes and makes your eye appear to be Red.  There are many ways to get rid of Red eye I will list you a few:

• Of course the easiest way is to use a program such as Adobe Elements or something as basic as the fix button on Windows.

• Since Red Eye is caused by the direct flash you can:

1. Deflect the flash off of other objects (Ex. The wall and ceiling)
2. If you have a hot shoe (A place on your camera where you can plug in a flash) you can buy a flash that you can hold and change the angle of the flash (also known as the wedding photographer’s kit).
3. The option I always use is to not use the flash and use available lighting because then you do not have to worry about it.

     Depth of Field is the distance in front and the distance behind the point of focus that is exceptionally sharp without changing the focus of the lens.  Depth of Field can make a photo look good or bad and can come in handy for certain shots. I cannot tell you when to use Depth of Field but I can tell you how. Depth of Field is controlled by F-Stop or aperture which is the size of the hole that lets in light. The larger the F-Stop the smaller the number will be. (Ex. F-5 is larger than F-22 even though F-22 is a higher number).  Depth of Field is not complicated at all: If you would like a high Depth of Field you need to have low F-Stop (A Large Number) such as F-22 or lower (an even larger number) if you would like to minimize Depth of Field you need to have a very high F-Stop (Low Number) such a F-5.6 and Higher (even lower number). Remember that Depth of Field can either make or ruin a good photo. You do not want a busy or a dull background.

Here are some applied examples:

This is a photo taken with F-5 as you can see it has minimal Depth Of Field.

This is a photo taken with F-8 as you can see that it has mid Depth Of Field.

This is a photo taken with F-22 as you can see I added another item to show you much more Depth of Field a low f-stop (high number) will get you.

 Please Let me know if this helped you by leaving a comment. Thank You